推論:把文字線索連成有根據的判斷
推論可以超出直接陳述,但不能脫離文中可支持的意思。
| 學習重點 | 原創例子/做法 | 分析及使用注意 |
|---|---|---|
| 行動與態度 | Mina checked the notice twice before putting her name down. | 可推斷她報名前較謹慎;沒有足夠資料便不能斷言她害怕老師。 |
| 作者保留 | The project sounds promising, although its long-term costs remain unclear. | promising 顯示正面評價,although 後則保留對長遠成本的疑問,整體並非完全支持或完全反對。 |
| 證據強弱 | Three volunteers enjoyed the trial. This suggests interest, but does not prove that all pupils will join. | 個別經驗可作例子,不能單憑少量個案概括全校。 |
| 引用與立場 | The article quotes a critic before explaining why the criticism is incomplete. | 引述某人的反對意見,不代表作者認同;須看後面的分析。 |
議論段落:主張、原因、例子及影響
論點應回答「為甚麼」,例子應顯示原因如何在具體情況中成立。
| 學習重點 | 原創例子/做法 | 分析及使用注意 |
|---|---|---|
| 具體主張 | Schools should keep a quiet study room open after lessons. | 清楚提出哪一方應做甚麼,避免只有 Study is important。 |
| 解釋機制 | Some pupils share crowded homes, so access to a quiet space can help them concentrate. | 交代需要來自甚麼情況,以及安排如何回應需要。 |
| 落實例子 | A supervised room until five would give these pupils a place to review notes before going home. | 例子說明時間和用途,並未把假設安排寫成真實統計。 |
| 限制結論 | The arrangement would be more useful if transport and staffing were considered as well. | 說明配套條件,比聲稱一定提高所有學生成績準確。 |
文法進階:用句式控制意思及語氣
中三開始可更有意識地比較不同句式帶來的確定程度、條件和焦點。
| 學習重點 | 原創例子/做法 | 分析及使用注意 |
|---|---|---|
| 真實與假設條件 | If the library stays open, we can meet there. / If it stayed open later, more pupils could use it. | 前句談可實現條件,後句提出假設;須看情境,不能把過去式一律解作昨天。 |
| 被動焦點 | The final decision will be announced on Friday. | 焦點在決定及公布時間;不知道或不需要交代公布者時,可用被動。 |
| 情態語氣 | The scheme may reduce waiting time. / The scheme will reduce waiting time. | may 表示可能,will 是較肯定預測。沒有足夠依據時,不應任意加強語氣。 |
| 代詞與整句指代 | The organisers cancelled the visit, which disappointed the class. | 此處 which 可指取消參觀這件事,並非指 visit 本身令學生失望。 |
文體銜接:說服對象不同,表達也要改變
同一個建議寫給同學、老師或校方時,選材、語氣及詳略應有所調整。
| 學習重點 | 原創例子/做法 | 分析及使用注意 |
|---|---|---|
| 給同學的呼籲 | Join us on Friday and help turn the empty corner into a reading space. | 直接邀請並指出可共同完成的事,適合活動宣傳。 |
| 給校方的建議 | We propose converting the unused corner into a supervised reading area. | 明確表達建議,下一步應說明用途、安排及所需支援。 |
| 報告觀察 | During the trial, the room was busiest between four and five. | 先報告觀察,避免未說依據便寫 The room is extremely successful。 |
| 小組互動 | I agree that space is limited. Could we run two smaller sessions instead? | 承認實際限制,再提出替代方法,讓討論有下一步。 |
編製說明及延伸閱讀
本頁的知識說明及應用例子由耀星教育中心整理。資料供日常溫習參考,實際學習及考試範圍,請以學校的教學安排為準。
