原因、結果與轉折
because、although 後面接子句,即通常有自己的主語和動詞;because of、despite 後面則接名詞詞組或 -ing 形式。
| 表達 | 原創例句 | 句式重點 |
|---|---|---|
| because / because of | We stayed indoors because it rained. / We stayed indoors because of the rain. | because + 子句;because of + 名詞詞組。 |
| so | It rained, so we stayed indoors. | 表達結果;一般學校正式寫作不把 because…so… 並列作同一句的連接結構。 |
| although / even though | Although the task was difficult, Amy finished it. | 一般正式寫作不再加 but 連接同一主句。 |
| despite / in spite of | Despite the delay, the team arrived on time. | 不寫 despite of;可用 despite the fact that + 子句。 |
| but / whereas | Tom prefers reading, whereas his sister enjoys drawing. | whereas 常用於比較兩個情況的差異。 |
條件與時間子句
談及將來的條件或時間時,if、when、until 等引導的子句一般使用現在式;主句再按意思使用 will、can 或祈使句等。
| 表達 | 原創例句 | 使用注意 |
|---|---|---|
| if | If the weather improves, we will go hiking. | 此處 if 子句使用 improves,不用 will improve。 |
| unless | We will go hiking unless it rains. | 此處相當於 if it does not rain;不能把 unless 與 if not 在所有語境機械互換。 |
| when / before / after | Please call me when you arrive. | 指將來到達時,時間子句仍可用現在式。 |
| until | Wait here until the teacher returns. | 表示主句動作持續至指定時間。 |
| as soon as | I will reply as soon as I receive the email. | 表示一件事發生後便接着做另一件事。 |
however、therefore 與標點
連接副詞可交代上下文關係,但不能單靠一個逗號把兩個獨立句連起來。正式寫作可分成兩句,或使用分號。
| 用法 | 原創例句 | 結構說明 |
|---|---|---|
| however | The bag was expensive. However, it was very durable. | 表示轉折;句首 however 後通常加逗號。 |
| 分號連接 | The bag was expensive; however, it was very durable. | 分號前後均為可獨立成句的子句。 |
| therefore | The road was closed. Therefore, we took another route. | 表示基於前文而得出的結果或結論。 |
| and / or / but | You may email us or leave a message. | 連接並列成分時,須留意兩邊的語法結構是否配合。 |
編製說明及延伸閱讀
本頁的知識說明及應用例子由耀星教育中心整理。資料供日常溫習參考,實際學習及考試範圍,請以學校的教學安排為準。
