中學英文:子句、假設與轉述句式
整理單句與子句、條件句、混合假設及間接問句,說明語序、時間關係與常見限制。
編製日期:2026年10月16日。各校進度及評核要求不同,請配合課本和老師指示使用。高中數學內容只涵蓋必修部分。單句、並列句與複合句
子句一般含有主語和動詞結構;片語則不具備同樣的子句結構。句子長短不能決定它屬於哪一類。
| 項目 | 用法及例子 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| 單句 Simple sentence | After the long rehearsal, the students rested. | 只有一個主要子句。After the long rehearsal 是介詞片語,不是從屬子句。 |
| 並列句 Compound sentence | The students were tired, but they continued rehearsing. | 兩個主要子句由 but 連接;各子句可獨立成句。 |
| 複合句 Complex sentence | Although the students were tired, they continued rehearsing. | although 引導從屬子句,配合主要子句構成整句。 |
| 複合並列結構 | Although it was late, Amy stayed, and Ben helped her. | 同時包含從屬關係及兩個並列的主要子句。 |
四種常見條件句
以下列出常見結構,主要子句亦可按意思使用 can、could、may、might 或祈使句等,不限於表中的一種形式。
| 項目 | 用法及例子 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| Type 0:一般規律 | If people exercise regularly, they often sleep better. | 常見形式為 if + 現在式,主句用現在式;描述一般關係,並不保證每次毫無例外。 |
| Type 1:現實的將來條件 | If the library opens tomorrow, I will return the books. | 常見形式為 if + 現在式,主句用 will + 原形動詞。 |
| Type 2:現在或將來的假設 | If I had more space, I would keep a larger bookshelf. | if + 過去式,主句用 would + 原形;過去式在此不一定表示過去時間。 |
| Type 3:與已發生的過去不同的假設 | If I had left earlier, I would have caught the bus. | if + had + 過去分詞,主句用 would have + 過去分詞。 |
混合條件句及意思差異
混合條件句的條件與結果可指不同時間。先判斷每部分所指的時間,再選擇形式,比逐字背誦模板更可靠。
| 項目 | 用法及例子 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| 過去條件、現在結果 | If I had saved the file, I would have it now. | 過去沒有儲存,影響現在是否有檔案;結果不是 would have had it。 |
| could / might | If we had a car, we could visit the village. | could 着重能力或可行性;might 表示可能結果,不宜全部當作 would 的同義詞。 |
| were 的用法 | If I were you, I would ask for clarification. | 正式假設句常用 were;口語中亦可見 was,校內作答按所學要求處理。 |
| unless | You cannot enter unless you have a ticket. | 意思是沒有門票便不能入場。unless 並非在所有句子都可直接代替 if not。 |
問句、命令與要求
間接問句使用陳述語序,不能保留原問句的助動詞倒裝。yes/no 問句可用 if 或 whether 引出。
| 項目 | 用法及例子 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般問句 | “Are you ready?” → She asked if I was ready. | 用 I was,不寫 was I;轉述整句本身不是問句時不用問號。 |
| wh- 問句 | “Where do you live?” → He asked where I lived. | where 後面用主語再接動詞,不保留 do you live 的問句次序。 |
| 命令及要求 | “Please wait.” → She asked me to wait. | 可用 ask / tell + 人 + to-infinitive,語氣須配合原意。 |
| 否定命令 | “Do not open it.” → He told us not to open it. | not 放在 to open 前,否定被要求進行的動作。 |